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      <a href="/2017/04/13/three-notes-1-init-3d-world/" title="three.js笔记1--初始化3D世界" itemprop="url">three.js笔记1--初始化3D世界</a>
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      <a href="https://godbasin.github.io" title="被删">被删</a>
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    <time datetime="2017-04-13T08:17:35.000Z" itemprop="datePublished">2017-04-13</time>
    更新日期:<time datetime="2017-07-14T13:03:25.364Z" itemprop="dateModified">2017-07-14</time>
    
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		<ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Three-js基础"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">Three.js基础</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#概要"><span class="toc-number">1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">概要</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#基本概念"><span class="toc-number">1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">基本概念</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#初始化场景"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">初始化场景</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#添加基本元素"><span class="toc-number">2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">添加基本元素</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#创建场景"><span class="toc-number">2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">创建场景</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#创建照相机"><span class="toc-number">2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">创建照相机</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#创建着色器"><span class="toc-number">2.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">创建着色器</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#渲染"><span class="toc-number">2.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">渲染</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#完整代码"><span class="toc-number">2.6.</span> <span class="toc-text">完整代码</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#参考"><span class="toc-number">2.7.</span> <span class="toc-text">参考</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#结束语"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">结束语</span></a></li></ol>
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		<p>Three.js是一个3D库，《three.js笔记》系列是在使用three.js中的一些过程和笔记。<br>本文记录初始化3D世界的基本过程。<br><a id="more"></a></p>
<h2 id="Three-js基础"><a href="#Three-js基础" class="headerlink" title="Three.js基础"></a>Three.js基础</h2><hr>
<h3 id="概要"><a href="#概要" class="headerlink" title="概要"></a>概要</h3><ul>
<li><p>OpenGL<br>OpenGL是最常用的跨平台图形库。</p>
</li>
<li><p>WebGL<br>WebGL是基于OpenGL设计的面向web的图形标准，提供了一系列JavaScript API，通过这些API进行图形渲染将得以利用图形硬件从而获得较高性能。 </p>
</li>
<li><p>Three.js<br>Three.js是通过对WebGL接口的封装与简化而形成的一个易用的图形库。<br>除了WebGL之外，Three.js还提供了基于Canvas、SVG标签的渲染器。</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="基本概念"><a href="#基本概念" class="headerlink" title="基本概念"></a>基本概念</h3><ul>
<li><p>场景(Scene)<br>场景是所有物体的容器，也对应着我们创建的三维世界。</p>
</li>
<li><p>照相机(Camera)<br>照相机是三维世界中的观察者，为了观察这个世界，首先我们要描述空间中的位置。<br>Three中使用采用常见的右手坐标系定位。</p>
</li>
<li><p>物体(Object)<br>创建物体需要指定几何形状和材质。<br>其中，几何形状决定了物体的顶点位置等信息，材质决定了物体的颜色、纹理等信息。</p>
</li>
<li><p>光源(Light)<br>Three提供了包括环境光AmbientLight、点光源PointLight、 聚光灯SpotLight、方向光DirectionalLight、半球光HemisphereLight等多种光源。 </p>
</li>
<li><p>着色器(Renderer)<br>Renderer绑定一个canvas对象，并可以设置大小，默认背景颜色等属性。<br>调用Renderer的render函数，传入scene和camera，就可以把图像渲染到canvas中了。</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="初始化场景"><a href="#初始化场景" class="headerlink" title="初始化场景"></a>初始化场景</h2><hr>
<h3 id="添加基本元素"><a href="#添加基本元素" class="headerlink" title="添加基本元素"></a>添加基本元素</h3><p>我们创建一个3D世界的基本步骤如下：</p>
<ol>
<li>创建场景(Scene)</li>
<li>创建照相机(Camera)</li>
<li>创建着色器(Renderer)，绑定canvas</li>
<li>加载renderer并传入scene和camera</li>
</ol>
<h3 id="创建场景"><a href="#创建场景" class="headerlink" title="创建场景"></a>创建场景</h3><figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="comment">// 设置场景</span></div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> scene = <span class="keyword">new</span> THREE.Scene();</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ul>
<li>场景相关函数<ul>
<li><code>scene.add(obj)</code>: 在场景中添加物体</li>
<li><code>scene.remove(obj)</code>: 在场景中移除物体</li>
<li><code>scene.children()</code>: 获取场景中所有子对象的列表</li>
<li><code>scene.getChildByName()</code>: 利用name属性，获取场景中某个特定的物体</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="创建照相机"><a href="#创建照相机" class="headerlink" title="创建照相机"></a>创建照相机</h3><p>照相机定义了三维空间到二维屏幕的投影方式：</p>
<ul>
<li><p>透视投影照相机<br><code>THREE.OrthographicCamera(left, right, top, bottom, near, far)</code><br>获得的结果是类似人眼在真实世界中看到的有“近大远小”的效果。</p>
</li>
<li><p>正交投影照相机<br><code>THREE.PerspectiveCamera(fov, aspect, near, far)</code><br>对于在三维空间内平行的线，投影到二维空间中也一定是平行的。</p>
</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="comment">// 这里我们创建正交投影照相机</span></div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> camera = <span class="keyword">new</span> THREE.PerspectiveCamera(<span class="number">75</span>, <span class="built_in">window</span>.innerWidth / <span class="built_in">window</span>.innerHeight, <span class="number">0.1</span>, <span class="number">1000</span>);</div><div class="line"><span class="comment">// 设置相机的坐标位置</span></div><div class="line">camera.position.set(<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">-5</span>, <span class="number">2</span>);</div><div class="line"><span class="comment">// 设置相机的焦点</span></div><div class="line">camera.lookAt(scene.position);</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="创建着色器"><a href="#创建着色器" class="headerlink" title="创建着色器"></a>创建着色器</h3><ul>
<li><p>渲染<br>将模型数据在屏幕上显示出来的过程。</p>
</li>
<li><p>着色器<br>着色器可以用来渲染高级的效果。<br>Three.js可不定义着色器，采用默认的方法渲染。</p>
</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="comment">// 定义着色器</span></div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> renderer = <span class="keyword">new</span> THREE.WebGLRenderer();</div><div class="line"><span class="comment">// 设置画布宽高</span></div><div class="line">renderer.setSize(<span class="built_in">window</span>.innerWidth, <span class="built_in">window</span>.innerHeight);</div><div class="line"><span class="comment">// 添加到document中</span></div><div class="line"><span class="built_in">document</span>.body.appendChild(renderer.domElement);</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>这里，若我们在html中早已添加canvas，则可通过定义时传入该canvas元素来初始化着色器：</p>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">renderer = <span class="keyword">new</span> THREE.WebGLRenderer(&#123;</div><div class="line">  <span class="attr">canvas</span>: <span class="built_in">document</span>.getElementById(<span class="string">'canvas_id'</span>)</div><div class="line">&#125;);</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="渲染"><a href="#渲染" class="headerlink" title="渲染"></a>渲染</h3><p>我们需要调用着色器的<code>render()</code>方法，同时传入scene和camera来进行画布渲染：</p>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="comment">// 渲染</span></div><div class="line">renderer.render(scene, camera);</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ul>
<li>requestAnimationFrame<br>这个函数就是让浏览器去执行一次参数中的函数，就形成了我们通常所说的游戏循环了。</li>
</ul>
<p>若我们需要场景动起来，则需要添加动画帧渲染：</p>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="comment">// 让世界动起来</span></div><div class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">render</span>(<span class="params"></span>) </span>&#123;</div><div class="line">    requestAnimationFrame(render);</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">    <span class="comment">// 此处可添加动画处理</span></div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">    renderer.render(scene, camera);</div><div class="line">&#125;;</div><div class="line">render();</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>此时，我们的3D世界已初始化完成。<br>但目前我们无法看到效果，因为我们还未曾给该3D世界添加光源和物体，后面章节我们会陆续完善。</p>
<h3 id="完整代码"><a href="#完整代码" class="headerlink" title="完整代码"></a>完整代码</h3><figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div><div class="line">12</div><div class="line">13</div><div class="line">14</div><div class="line">15</div><div class="line">16</div><div class="line">17</div><div class="line">18</div><div class="line">19</div><div class="line">20</div><div class="line">21</div><div class="line">22</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="comment">// 设置场景</span></div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> scene = <span class="keyword">new</span> THREE.Scene();</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"><span class="comment">// 创建正交投影照相机</span></div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> camera = <span class="keyword">new</span> THREE.PerspectiveCamera(<span class="number">75</span>, <span class="built_in">window</span>.innerWidth / <span class="built_in">window</span>.innerHeight, <span class="number">0.1</span>, <span class="number">1000</span>);</div><div class="line">camera.position.set(<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">-5</span>, <span class="number">2</span>);</div><div class="line">camera.lookAt(scene.position);</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"><span class="comment">// 定义着色器</span></div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> renderer = <span class="keyword">new</span> THREE.WebGLRenderer();</div><div class="line">renderer.setSize(<span class="built_in">window</span>.innerWidth, <span class="built_in">window</span>.innerHeight);</div><div class="line"><span class="built_in">document</span>.body.appendChild(renderer.domElement);</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"><span class="comment">// 让世界动起来</span></div><div class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">render</span>(<span class="params"></span>) </span>&#123;</div><div class="line">    requestAnimationFrame(render);</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">    <span class="comment">// 此处可添加动画处理</span></div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">    renderer.render(scene, camera);</div><div class="line">&#125;;</div><div class="line">render();</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="参考"><a href="#参考" class="headerlink" title="参考"></a>参考</h3><ul>
<li><a href="http://www.ituring.com.cn/minibook/792" target="_blank" rel="external">《Three.js入门指南》</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.jb51.net/article/92350.htm" target="_blank" rel="external">《Three.js快速入门教程》</a></li>
</ul>
<h2 id="结束语"><a href="#结束语" class="headerlink" title="结束语"></a>结束语</h2><hr>
<p>这节主要讲了Three.js中的一些基本概念，创建并初始化了一个3D世界。这里我们并不能看到效果，后面章节会逐步往这个世界中添加光源、物体和一些事件交互。</p>
  
		
		<p style="margin-top:50px;">查看Github有更多内容噢：<a href="https://github.com/godbasin">https://github.com/godbasin</a></p>
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	<p style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 20px;">码生艰难，写文不易，给我家猪囤点猫粮了喵~</p>
	<div class="author-right">
  		<p>作者：被删</p>
  		<p>出处：<a href="https://godbasin.github.io">https://godbasin.github.io</a></p>
  		<p>本文版权归作者所有，欢迎转载，但未经作者同意必须保留此段声明，且在文章页面明显位置给出原文连接，否则保留追究法律责任的权利。</p>
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  <ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Three-js基础"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">Three.js基础</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#概要"><span class="toc-number">1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">概要</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#基本概念"><span class="toc-number">1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">基本概念</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#初始化场景"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">初始化场景</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#添加基本元素"><span class="toc-number">2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">添加基本元素</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#创建场景"><span class="toc-number">2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">创建场景</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#创建照相机"><span class="toc-number">2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">创建照相机</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#创建着色器"><span class="toc-number">2.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">创建着色器</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#渲染"><span class="toc-number">2.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">渲染</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#完整代码"><span class="toc-number">2.6.</span> <span class="toc-text">完整代码</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#参考"><span class="toc-number">2.7.</span> <span class="toc-text">参考</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#结束语"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">结束语</span></a></li></ol>
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